German Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita)
The medicinal use of chamomile dates back thousands of years to the ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks. Chamomile has been used to treat a variety of conditions including chest colds, sore throats, abscesses, gingivitis, skin problems such as psoriasis, minor first degree burns, ulcerative colitis, stomach ulcers, and children's conditions such as chickenpox, diaper rash, and colic.
Tea made from the dried flowers is used to treat a large varity of ailments. In experiments, the essential oil is found to be anti-fungal, ati-allergenic ad anti-inflammatory.
Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis)
Traditionally this flowers were used to impart a yellow colour to cheese. Anti-inflammatory and antibiotic (bacteria, fungi and viruses) properties are responsible for the antiseptic healing effect when preparations of this plant are applied to skin wounds and burns. It can be used in the treatment of ringworm, cradle cap and athlete's foot.
Dwarf Iris ( Iris cristata Crested)
American Indians used the roots in tea to treat hepatitis and in animal fat ointments to treat skin ulcers.
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Peppermint came into general use in the medicine of Western Europe only about the middle of the eighteenth century. Peppermint oil is the most extensively used of all the volatile oils, both medicinally and commercially. It is used for nausea, vomiting and to help relieve intestinal gas. Menthol is a common ingredient in rubs intended to relieve sore muscles or joints and may be used topically to soothe itchy skin.
Nicotiana (Nicotiana sylvestris)
A member of a large family of Nicotianas whose leaves are used in making prepartions taken by mouth to induce vomiting and diarrhea, to relieve pain and to sedate. Preparations are used externally as a poultice in the treatment of joint swelling from arthritis, of skin diseases and of insect bites. Nicotine is a very effective biodegradable insecticide.
Jacob's Ladder or Greek Valerian (Polemonium reptans)
Known as Abscess Root in herbal medicine, this plant is used as an astringent, alterative, diaphoretic, expectorant and pectoral. It is used internally in the treatment of coughs, colds, bronchitis, laryngitis, tuberculosis, fevers and inflammatory skin diseases, including abscess and poisonous bites.
Apothecary Rose (Rosa gallica officinalis)
A native of Persia (Iran) that was described by the Ancient Greek poet Sappho as “ the queen of flowers”, this rose has had many uses over time. The Ancient Romans consumed the petals as food and marinated them in wine to use them as a cure for hangovers. Avicenna, a famous eleventh century Arab physician and philosopher living in Moslem Spain, prepared rose water from the petals that he used in treating his patients for a variety of ailments. Knights returning from the Crusades brought the plant to Europe. It was grown chiefly in monastic gardens for medicinal purposes. In the Middle Ages, the blossoms were used in aroma therapy for the treatment of depression. In the nineteenth century beginning in the time of Napoleon, French pharmacists grew them in pots at the entrances of their shops, hence the origin of the common name Apothecary Rose. The Apothecary Rose became the professional symbol of the pharmaceutical profession much as the balanced scales became the professional symbol of the legal profession. French druggists dispensed preparations made from this rose to treat indigestion, sore throats and skin rashes.
Hen-and-chicks or Houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum)
The Latin botanical name has an historical reference. Charlemagne (742-814 A.D.) recommended that his subjects plant these hardy prolific plants on the roof of their houses to ward off lightening and fire. The leaves contain tannins and mucilage that are soothing to skin. It is used in the treatment of burns, skin wounds and infections.
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)
Comfrey (also comphrey) contains allantoin used in ointments for psoriasis and other skin problems. It has been known since Greek and Roman antiquity and used primarily externally as a poultice for surface wounds and to form a cast to hold broken bones immobile while they knit. Comfrey is a corruption of the Latin "con firma" implying that the bone is "made firm". "Symphyton" is derived from the Greek "plants growing together" in the sense of "causing to unite".
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Used primarily in Eastern European traditional medicine. It is used primarily as a diuretic but also taken internally to treat arthritis and gastro-intestinal disorders. It is applied externally to treat eczema and other skin conditions. It is eaten raw in “spring salads” and cooked as a vegetable when the plants are very young before flowering.
Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)
Medicinally, it is expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, astringent, and demulcent (which means soothing). Mullein tea is primarily used as an effective treatment for coughs and lung disorders. Due to its mucilage content, Mullein is also a soothing emollient for inflammatory skin conditions and burns.
Speedwell (Veronica officinalis)
In modern herbal medicine, speedwell tea, brewed from the dried flowering plant, sometimes serves as a cough remedy or as a lotion applied to the skin to speed wound healing and relieve itching.
Johnny-jump-up or Heartease (Viola tricolor)
From this plant a bitter tea is made that is taken internally for lung disorders and is applied externally for skin diseases. The tea is an expectorant and a diuretic. Its other common name, Heartease, refers to a romantic notion that it provides comfort and consolation to separated lovers. In the nineteenth century, the juice of the plant constituted the main ingredient of love potions.
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